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Study on electrical ignition and micro-explosion properties of HAN-based monopropellant droplet

Yonggang YU, Ming LI, Yanhuang ZHOU, Xin LU, Yuzhu PAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 430-435 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0010-4

摘要： In order to study the electrical ignition characteristics of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based liquid propellant, an experimental device for the electrical heating ignition of a liquid propellant droplet was designed. By using a high speed camera system, the ignition properties of the LP1846 single droplet were observed at different electrical heating speeds. The results show that when the LP1846 droplet is electrified, it mainly goes through an evaporization process, a periodic expansion and contraction process, a stronger thermal decomposition process, and an ignition and combustion process. The periodic expansion and contraction process accompanies the droplet micro-explosion phenomenon, and the micro-explosion mechanism is formed mainly due to the overheated water component in LP1846. When peak load voltage is from 80 to 140V/s, the ignition delay of the LP1846 droplet is linearly shortened from 0.82 to 0.62s, but the flame is lighter. Based on the above experiments, a simplified model of the electrical heating ignition of the LP1846 single droplet is established.

关键词： liquid propellant     electrical ignition     ignition delay time     transient measurement    

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An experimental study on ignition of single coal particles at low oxygen concentrations

Wantao YANG, Yang ZHANG, Lilin HU, Junfu LYU, Hai ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 38-45 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0692-1

摘要： An experimental study on the ignition of single coal particles at low oxygen concentrations ( <21%) was conducted using a tube furnace. The surface temperature ( ) and the center temperature ( ) of the coal particles were obtained from the images taken by an infrared camera and thermocouples respectively. The ignition processes were recorded by a high-speed camera at different values and furnace temperatures . Compared with literature experimental data obtained at a high value, the ignition delay time decreases more rapidly as increases at the low region. The responses of and to the variation of are different: decreases while remains nearly constant with increasing at a low value. In addition, is less sensitive to while the ignition temperature is more sensitive to at a low value than in air. Observations of the position of flame front evolution illustrate that the ignition of a coal particle may change from a homogeneous mode to a heterogeneous or combined ignition mode as decreases. At a low value, buoyancy plays a more significant role in sweeping away the released volatiles during the ignition process.

关键词： coal particles     low oxygen concentration     ignition     ignition temperature     ignition modes    

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Numerical study of ignition mechanism of n-heptane direct injection compression-ignition engine

Xiaoping GUO, Zhanjie WANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 432-439 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0050-9

摘要： A detailed chemical dynamical mechanism of oxidation of n-heptane was implemented into kiva-3 code to study the ignition mechanism of a high-temperature, high-pressure, three-dimensional-space, transient turbulent, non-homogeneous, mono-component fuel in the engine. By testing the quantity of the heat released by the chemical reaction within the cylinder cell, the elementary reaction showing an obvious increase in the cell temperature was defined as ignition reaction and the corresponding cell as ignition position. The main pathway of the ignition reaction was studied by using the reverse deducing method. The result shows that the ignition in the engine can be divided into low-temperature ignition and high-temperature ignition, both of which follow the same rule in releasing heat, called the impulse heat releasing feature. Low-temperature ignition reaction, whose ignition reaction is c5h9o1-4=ch3cho+c3h5-a, follows the oxidation mechanism, while high-temperature ignition reaction, whose ignition reaction is c2h3o1-2=ch3co, follows the decomposition mechanism. No matter which ignition it is in, the chemical reaction that restrains the ignition reaction from lasting is the deoxidization reaction of alkylperoxy radicals.

关键词： compression-ignition engine     ignition mechanism     elementary reaction     n-heptane    

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Influence of different oil feed rate on bituminous coal ignition in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Xiang ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 406-412 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0266-6

摘要： To reduce oil consumption during firing-up and partial-load operation, a tiny-oil ignition burner has been recommended. Through reacting-flow experiments performed on a full-scale experimental setup, the influence of different oil flow rates on bituminous coal combustion as well as flow rates without coal feed was analyzed. The ignition burner is identical to that normally used in an 800 MWe utility boiler. Under operating conditions with flow rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg/h, gas temperature distributions were measured in the burner. At the equivalent measuring points at the exits of the first and second combustion chambers, these distributions remained almost unchanged under a constant coal feed rate of 4 t/h. However on the burner centerline, distributions increased slightly with increasing flow rate. Different gas concentrations were measured at the center of the burner exit. For instance, the O concentration at the burner exit varied from 0.01% to 0.31% whereas CO concentrations were more than 10000 ppm. At the same coal feed rate of 4 t/h, burner resistances are 480, 600, and 740 Pa for oil flow rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg/h, respectively.

关键词： ignition     coal     burner     boiler     oil flow rate    

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Numerical simulation of combustion characteristics at different coal concentrations in bituminous coal ignitionin a tiny-oil ignition burner

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Yiquan XIE, Lingyan ZENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 255-262 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0255-9

摘要： With the objective of producing a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner, identical to the burner used in an 800 MWe utility boiler, numerical simulations were performed using Fluent 6.3.26 to study the progress of ignition for four coal concentration settings covering sub-operation conditions prevailing during the experiments performed with the burner. The numerical simulations conformed to the experimental results, demonstrating the suitability of the model used in the calculations. Simulations for a coal concentration of 0.40 kg/kg corresponding to a single burner operating at its rated output were also conducted, which indicated that gas temperatures along the burner centerline were high. As gas flowed to the burner nozzle, the high-temperature region expanded, ensuring a successful pulverized-coal ignition. With increasing coal concentration (0.08–0.40 kg/kg), the gas temperature along the burner centerline and at the first and second combustion chamber exits decreased at the equivalent radial points. At the center of the second combustion chamber exit, the O concentrations were almost depleted for the five coal concentrations, while the CO concentrations peaked.

关键词： numerical simulation     tiny-oil ignition burner     pulverized coal     temperature field    

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柴油在热壁面上的着火

栗元龙,陆守香,范维澄

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第11期   页码 63-65

摘要：

研究了柴油机燃料泄漏后在热壁上的着火，利用统计方法得到着火的临界温度。发现样品燃料的热壁着火温度与自燃点的差值比其它燃料热壁着火的相应值要小得多，而且着火方式也有很大差异。详细解释了泄漏后的液体在热表面上的沸腾蒸发模式，给出了燃料蒸气的质量流率推导公式。

关键词： 热壁面     着火实验     沸腾    

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Effect of distributions of fuel concentration and temperature on ignition processes in a diesel PCCI

Yang YU, Wanhua SU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 269-279 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0046-5

摘要： The distributions of fuel concentration and temperature have significant effect on the ignition processes of diesel premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion. It was found in this study that the ignition process of PCCI combustion organized by multi-pulse injection was strongly influenced by conditions of fuel stratification. The start of low temperature reactions occurred in the leaner area of the combustion chamber in the test engine because the temperature here first reached the point of low temperature reactions. Ignition always occurred in the position where the mixture featured with equivalence ratios close to the mean equivalence ratio of the overall mixture, while the neighboring area of the initial ignition area accumulate heat with a finite speed until finally autoigniting. Moreover, the appearance of highest combustion temperature occurred in the same area at the combustion chamber. For more homogeneous mixture, a higher amount of mixture reached ignition simultaneously, resulting in a larger initial ignition area and a higher temperature at the ignition area. Furthermore, V-type distribution of equivalence ratio was found to be beneficial to retarding high temperature reaction.

关键词： PCCI     fuel stratification     multi-pulse injection     ignition    

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New experimental technique to determine coal self-ignition duration

ZHANG Xinhai, XI Guang, ZHANG Xinhai

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 479-483 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0058-6

摘要： An artificial neural network (ANN) model was adopted to simulate the relationship between self-ignition duration and sulfur content, ash content, oxygen consumption rate, carbon monoxide as well as carbon dioxide generation rate of coal at different temperatures of self heating process. The data from spontaneous combustion experiments were used for ANN training to obtain the connection strength between nerve cells. An oil-bath programmed temperature experiment device was designed and the experimental condition and the size of the test tube were determined for testing the oxygen consumption and the gases generation rate of coal during self-heating process. The sulfur content, the ash content and the data from the oil-bath experiment were taken as ANN inputs to calculate the experiment self-ignition duration of coal. Compared with spontaneous combustion experiment, less than 1% of coal sample and 10% of time are required with an error of less than 3 days to test self-ignition duration of coal.
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Recycling Materials from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Jinhui Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1001-z

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Numerical simulation of bituminous coal combustion in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner: influence

Zhengqi LI, Chunlong LIU, Xiang ZHANG, Lingyan ZENG, Zhichao CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 296-303 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0191-0

摘要： The progression of ignition was numerically simulated with the aim of realizing a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner that is identical to the burner used in an 800 MWe utility boiler. The numerical simulations were conducted for four excess air ratios, 0.56, 0.75, 0.98 and 1.14 (corresponding to primary air velocities of 17, 23, 30 and 35 m/s, respectively), which were chosen because they had been used previously in practical experiments. The numerical simulations agreed well with the experimental results, which demonstrate the suitability of the model used in the calculations. The gas temperatures were high along the center line of the burner for the four excess air ratios. The flame spread to the burner wall and the high-temperature region was enlarged in the radial direction along the primary air flow direction. The O concentrations for the four excess air ratios were 0.5%, 1.1%, 0.9% and 3.0% at the exit of the second combustion chamber. The CO peak concentration was very high with values of 7.9%, 9.9%, 11.3% and 10.6% for the four excess air ratios at the exit of the second combustion chamber.

关键词： numerical simulation     tiny-oil ignition burner     pulverized coal     temperature field    

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EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 740-749 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0794-5

摘要： Stroke is one of the most serious diseases that threaten human life and health. It is a major cause of death and disability in the clinic. New strategies for motor rehabilitation after stroke are undergoing exploration. We aimed to develop a novel artificial neural rehabilitation system, which integrates brain--computer interface (BCI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) technologies, for limb motor function recovery after stroke. We conducted clinical trials (including controlled trials) in 32 patients with chronic stroke. Patients were randomly divided into the BCI-FES group and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group. The changes in outcome measures during intervention were compared between groups, and the trends of ERD values based on EEG were analyzed for BCI-FES group. Results showed that the increase in Fugl Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Kendall Manual Muscle Testing (Kendall MMT) scores of the BCI-FES group was significantly higher than that in the sham group, which indicated the practicality and superiority of the BCI-FES system in clinical practice. The change in the laterality coefficient (LC) values based on μ-ERD (ΔLCm-ERD) had high significant positive correlation with the change in FMA-UE(r= 0.6093, P=0.012), which provides theoretical basis for exploring novel objective evaluation methods.

关键词： brain–computer interface     functional electrical stimulation     electroencephalogram     laterality coefficient     chronic stroke    

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CHARACTERISTICS OF HERBIVORY/WOUND-ELICITED ELECTRICAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN TOMATO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第2期

摘要：

Electrical signals commonly occur in plants in response to various environmental changes and have a dominant function in plant acclimation. The transduction of wound-elicited electrical signals in the model plant species Arabidopsis has been characterized but the characteristics of electrical signal transduction in response to herbivory or wounding in crop species remain unknown. Here, the features of electrical signals elicited by insect herbivory and wounding in tomato were investigated. Unlike those in Arabidopsis, wounding tomato leaves did not cause leaf-to-leaf electrical signal transduction. In contrast, electrical signals elicited in response to petiole wounding were stronger and more strongly transduced. Leaflet wounding also activated electrical signal transduction and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling within the whole compound leaf. It was also demonstrated that tomato glutamate receptor-like 3.3 (GLR3.3) and GLR3.5 mediated leaflet-to-leaflet electrical signal transduction. Herbivory-induced JA accumulation and Helicoverpa armigera resistance were reduced in glr3.3/3.5 plants. This work reveals the nature of electrical signal transduction in tomato and emphasizes the key roles of GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 in electrical signal transduction and JA signaling activation.

 

关键词： electrical signal / glutamate receptor-like / herbivory / jasmonic acid / tomato    

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Influence of nozzle height to width ratio on ignition and NO

Liutao SUN, Yonghong YAN, Rui SUN, Zhengkang PENG, Chunli XING, Jiangquan WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 431-448 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0726-3

摘要： To improve the ignition behavior and to reduce the high NO emissions of blended pulverized fuels (PF) of semicoke (SC), large-scale experiments were conducted in a 300 kW fired furnace at various nozzle settings, i.e., ratios (denoted by / ) of the height of the rectangular burner nozzle to its width of 1.65, 2.32, and 3.22. The combustion tests indicate that the flame stability, ignition performance, and fuel burnout ratio were significantly improved at a nozzle setting of / = 2.32. The smaller / delayed ignition and caused the flame to concentrate excessively on the axis of the furnace, while the larger / easily caused the deflection of the pulverized coal flame, and a high-temperature flame zone emerged close to the furnace wall. NO emissions at the outlet of the primary zone decreased from 447 to 354 mg/m (O = 6%), and the ignition distance decreased from 420 to 246 mm when the / varied from 1.65 to 3.22. Furthermore, the ratio (denoted by / ) of the strong reduction zone area to the combustion reaction zone area was defined experimentally by the CO concentration to evaluate the reduction zone. The / rose monotonously, but its restraining effects on NO formation decreased as / increased. The results suggested that in a test furnace, regulating the nozzle / conditions sharply reduces NO emissions and improves the combustion efficiency of SC blends possessing an appropriate jet rigidity.

关键词： rectangular jet burner     nozzle height to width ratio     ignition characteristics     pyrolyzed semicoke (SC) and bituminous blend     NOx formation    

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Engineering Fronts in fields of Energy and Electrical Science and Technologies in the report of

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 5-8 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0868-6

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An experimental study on spray auto-ignition of RP-3 jet fuel and its surrogates

Yaozong DUAN, Wang LIU, Zhen HUANG, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 396-404 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0715-y

摘要： Jet fuel is widely used in air transportation, and sometimes for special vehicles in ground transportation. In the latter case, fuel spray auto-ignition behavior is an important index for engine operation reliability. Surrogate fuel is usually used for fundamental combustion study due to the complex composition of practical fuels. As for jet fuels, two-component or three-component surrogate is usually selected to emulate practical fuels. The spray auto-ignition characteristics of RP-3 jet fuel and its three surrogates, the 70% mol -decane/30% mol 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 1), the 51% mol -decane/49% mol 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 2), and the 49.8% mol -dodecane/21.6% mol -cetane/28.6% mol toluene blend (Surrogate 3) were studied in a heated constant volume combustion chamber. Surrogate 1 and Surrogate 2 possess the same components, but their blending percentages are different, as the two surrogates were designed to capture the H/C ratio (Surrogate 1) and DCN (Surrogate 2) of RP-3 jet fuel, respectively. Surrogate 3 could emulate more physiochemical properties of RP-3 jet fuel, including molecular weight, H/C ratio and DCN. Experimental results indicate that Surrogate 1 overestimates the auto-ignition propensity of RP-3 jet fuel, whereas Surrogates 2 and 3 show quite similar auto-ignition propensity with RP-3 jet fuel. Therefore, to capture the spray auto-ignition behaviors, DCN is the most important parameter to match when designing the surrogate formulation. However, as the ambient temperature changes, the surrogates matching DCN may still show some differences from the RP-3 jet fuel, e.g., the first-stage heat release influenced by low-temperature chemistry.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel     surrogate     spray auto-ignition     constant volume combustion chamber    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Study on electrical ignition and micro-explosion properties of HAN-based monopropellant droplet

Yonggang YU, Ming LI, Yanhuang ZHOU, Xin LU, Yuzhu PAN,

期刊论文

An experimental study on ignition of single coal particles at low oxygen concentrations

Wantao YANG, Yang ZHANG, Lilin HU, Junfu LYU, Hai ZHANG

期刊论文

Numerical study of ignition mechanism of n-heptane direct injection compression-ignition engine

Xiaoping GUO, Zhanjie WANG,

期刊论文

Influence of different oil feed rate on bituminous coal ignition in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Xiang ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of combustion characteristics at different coal concentrations in bituminous coal ignitionin a tiny-oil ignition burner

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Yiquan XIE, Lingyan ZENG

期刊论文

柴油在热壁面上的着火

栗元龙,陆守香,范维澄

期刊论文

Effect of distributions of fuel concentration and temperature on ignition processes in a diesel PCCI

Yang YU, Wanhua SU,

期刊论文

New experimental technique to determine coal self-ignition duration

ZHANG Xinhai, XI Guang, ZHANG Xinhai

期刊论文

Recycling Materials from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Jinhui Li

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of bituminous coal combustion in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner: influence

Zhengqi LI, Chunlong LIU, Xiang ZHANG, Lingyan ZENG, Zhichao CHEN

期刊论文

EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and

期刊论文

CHARACTERISTICS OF HERBIVORY/WOUND-ELICITED ELECTRICAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN TOMATO

期刊论文

Influence of nozzle height to width ratio on ignition and NO

Liutao SUN, Yonghong YAN, Rui SUN, Zhengkang PENG, Chunli XING, Jiangquan WU

期刊论文

Engineering Fronts in fields of Energy and Electrical Science and Technologies in the report of

期刊论文

An experimental study on spray auto-ignition of RP-3 jet fuel and its surrogates

Yaozong DUAN, Wang LIU, Zhen HUANG, Dong HAN

期刊论文